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Breast cancer diagnosis involves a series of steps to accurately identify the presence, type, and stage of cancer. Early and precise diagnosis is crucial to creating an effective treatment plan. At Breast and Wellness, we offer advanced diagnostic tools and compassionate care to guide you through this journey.

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Common Signs and Symptoms 

 

While not all symptoms indicate cancer, recognising potential warning signs is key to early diagnosis. Common symptoms include:  

 

• A lump or thickening in the breast or underarm.  

• Changes in breast shape, size, or appearance.  

• Nipple discharge, particularly if bloody.  

• Skin changes such as redness, dimpling, or swelling.  

• Persistent pain in the breast or nipple.  

 

Diagnostic Steps 

 

1. Clinical Breast Examination  

 

A physical examination by a specialist to assess lumps, abnormalities, and any symptoms reported by the patient.

 

2. Imaging Tests  

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Modern imaging techniques help detect abnormalities with high accuracy:  

 

• Mammogram:

 

A mammogram is a low-dose X-ray of the breast that helps detect abnormalities such as calcifications, lumps, or early signs of cancer. It is an essential tool for routine breast cancer screening and is highly effective in identifying changes that may not be felt during physical exams. We encourage patients to have a mammogram before their consultation; however, we also offer access to same-day 3D mammograms through our partner radiology centres. Mammograms are particularly valuable for detecting conditions like microcalcifications, which may not be visible with other imaging methods. While some patients may experience discomfort due to compression during the procedure, taking a painkiller beforehand can help alleviate this. Importantly, there is no evidence to suggest that mammograms can spread cancer.  

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• Ultrasound: 

 

Breast ultrasound uses sound waves to create detailed images of breast tissue. It is often used to evaluate abnormalities detected in physical exams or mammograms, particularly to distinguish between solid lumps and fluid-filled cysts. This non-invasive and painless procedure provides valuable insights into the nature of breast changes. At our clinic, we utilise this technique for surgical planning. Every patient scheduled for surgery undergoes an ultrasound to align our physical findings with the imaging provided by radiology practices, ensuring precision and optimal outcomes.

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• MRI

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A breast MRI uses powerful magnetic fields and contrast agents to create highly detailed images of breast tissue. It is particularly useful for evaluating complex cases, such as determining the extent of cancer, assessing high-risk patients, or providing additional clarity when other imaging methods are inconclusive. Breast MRI is also valuable for screening individuals with a strong family history or genetic predisposition to breast cancer. This advanced imaging technique offers exceptional sensitivity, helping to detect abnormalities that may not be visible with mammograms or ultrasounds. Although not typically used as a first-line screening tool, breast MRI plays a critical role in comprehensive breast care and diagnosis.

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3. Biopsy            

 

If imaging shows a suspicious area, a biopsy is conducted to

extract a sample of tissue for lab testing. Types include:  

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•  Fine-Needle Aspiration 

 

Uses a thin needle to extract fluid or cells, often for cyst evaluation or quick preliminary analysis. It’s less detailed than a core biopsy but effective for specific cases.

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• Core Needle Biopsy  

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A minimally invasive procedure using a hollow needle to remove tissue samples for detailed analysis. Often performed under local anaesthesia and guided by imaging for precision, it provides critical information for diagnosis.

 

• Stereotactic Biopsy

 

A specialised biopsy guided by mammography to precisely target abnormalities not visible on ultrasound. It is ideal for evaluating microcalcifications or small, hard-to-locate lesions.

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• Surgical Biopsy  

 

A surgical biopsy removes part or all of a suspicious area for a definitive diagnosis. Performed under local or general anaesthesia, it is recommended when other biopsy methods don’t provide sufficient information, offering a comprehensive evaluation.  

 

 

Once cancer is confirmed, identifying its subtype, grading, and staging are crucial to understanding its characteristics and extent. Grading examines how abnormal the cancer cells are, while staging determines the size of the tumour and its spread. Based on this information and the patient’s unique characteristics, a personalised treatment plan is developed.

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Why Choose Breast and Wellness Centre?  

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•  Comprehensive Care: Advanced diagnostic tools for accurate and timely results.  

•  Experienced Team: Skilled specialists with extensive experience in breast cancer diagnosis.  

•  Personalised Approach: Tailored diagnostic pathways based on your symptoms and risk factors.  

•  Compassionate Environment: Supportive care at every step of the diagnostic process.