Nipple Discharge

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Nipple discharge is a relatively common breast symptom that can occur in women of any age. In most cases, it is caused by benign (non-cancerous) conditions such as hormonal changes, benign duct conditions, or minor infections. However, occasionally it may be a sign of an underlying breast problem, so proper assessment is important to determine the cause and provide reassurance or treatment if required.

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What Is Nipple Discharge?

 

 

Nipple discharge refers to any fluid or secretion that comes from one or both nipples. The discharge may appear clear, milky, green, yellow, or bloody, and may occur spontaneously or with pressure.

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While many cases are harmless, persistent or spontaneous discharge — particularly if it is bloody or one-sided — should always be evaluated by a breast specialist.

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Common Causes

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Most causes are benign and related to hormonal or local duct changes.

Common causes include:

 

• Hormonal changes or stimulation (especially around menstruation or pregnancy)

• Benign duct conditions, such as duct ectasia or papilloma

• Infection or inflammation of the ducts (mastitis or abscess)

• Medications such as certain antidepressants, blood pressure drugs, or hormonal therapies

• Endocrine disorders (such as thyroid or pituitary imbalance)

• An underlying breast cancer involving the ducts

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Symptoms and When to Seek Advice

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Nipple discharge may occur with or without other symptoms.

Seek medical advice if you notice:

 

• Persistent or spontaneous discharge (not just with squeezing)

• One-sided or bloody discharge

• Associated breast lump, nipple inversion, or skin change

• Discharge after menopause

• Pain, redness, or swelling around the nipple

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Early assessment helps distinguish benign causes from more serious conditions and offers reassurance.

 

Diagnosis and Assessment

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At Breast & Wellness, all patients with nipple discharge are assessed using a structured diagnostic pathway that includes:

 

• Comprehensive breast examination by a specialist

• Breast imaging: mammogram, ultrasound and/or Breast MRI

• Duct assessment: nipple discharge cytology 

• Blood tests to evaluate hormone levels when appropriate

• Minor procedures (such as microdochectomy – removal of a single duct) if discharge is persistent or concerning

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All investigations are performed using advanced breast imaging and same-day consultation where possible.

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Treatment Options

 

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and the nature of the discharge.

Options may include:

 

• Observation if discharge is benign and related to hormonal factors

• Antibiotics for infection or inflammation

• Medication review if drugs are contributing to discharge

• Minor surgery (duct excision) to remove the affected duct if symptoms persist or are bothersome

• Further management if an underlying breast lesion is detected

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Prognosis and Follow-Up

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Most causes of nipple discharge are benign and resolve once the underlying issue is treated.

Regular follow-up and imaging help ensure ongoing breast health. Early assessment provides reassurance and allows any significant condition to be detected at a very early stage.

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Key Points

 

 

• Nipple discharge is common and usually not cancerous.

• Persistent, one-sided, or bloody discharge should be evaluated by a specialist.

• Most cases resolve with simple treatment or observation.

• Comprehensive assessment and care are available at Breast & Wellness.

 

 

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